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CR 141: Analysis for Drugs in Saliva (1994)

Summary

The results are reported of research investigating the use of saliva analysis as a research tool in determining drug usage by drivers who have not been involved in crashes. The research shows that saliva analysis is a valid research method for screening for a wide variety of drugs with the potential to impair driving skills, in a non-invasive and more easily obtainable manner than would he the case for blood and/or urine samples.

CR 124: Fatal Rural Single Vehicle Crashes (1994)

Summary

This study employed fatal crash data from the Federal Office of Road Safety 1988 Fatality File, serious crash data from the period 1989-90 for Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia and serious crash data for 1990-92 from the Northern Territory. Factors associated with the following groupings of crashes were identified: Overturns in remote regions, collisions with objects in remote regions, overturns in non-remote rural regions and collisions with objects in non-remote rural regions.

CR 151: Young Drivers Research Program: The Young Driver Problem versus the Young Problem Driver Problem. A review and crash data analysis (1994)

Summary

The concept of a young problem driver sub-group, that is, a sub-group who operate at a (substantially) higher than average crash risk and therefore contribute disproportionately to young driver crashes is often proposed. This report presents a literature review and mass crash data analyses and proposes a conceptual framework comprising crash risk, crash frequencies, crash countermeasures and countermeasure priorities to assist (policy) discussion of this issue.

CR 149: Workshop Report on Side Impact Regulations for Australia (1994)

Summary

In consideration of future requirements for improved occupant protection for those involved in side impact crashes, a one day workshop was held in Munich in conjunction with the Enhanced Safety Vehicles (ESV) conference during May 1994.

Road Traffic Injury in Western Sydney: Serious Motor Vehicle Occupant Injury in the Wentworth and Western Sydney Health Areas

Summary

This investigation aimed to characterise serious road traffic injury in the Wentworth (WHA) and Western Sydney (WSHA) Health Areas in Western Sydney and explain an observed excess of road traffic deaths in one Area (WHA standardised mortality ratio for male road traffic injury 135.8, 99 percent confidence interval (Cl) = 110.5,161 .l). An analysis of routinely collected crash and hospitalisation data and a case control study were carried out.

CR 131: Young Driver Research Program: Overview of Mass Crash Data Analysis (1994)

Summary

This research program is a series of eleven reports examining young versus older driver differences in car crashes for both Australian and USA data. Bivariate analyses examining the similarities and differences between drivers of various age groups involved in reported severe casualty crashes for NSW (1986 to 1990) and Victoria (1984 to 1989) were conducted. Results are discussed and accompanied by a series of tables. The data was also examined for day and night-time differences with results presented in both tabular and pie chart form.

Adaptive Speed Limit Signs for Road Safety

Summary

A state-of-the-art report was prepared on adaptive speed limit signs; that is, intelligent signs displaying variable speed limits based on weather or traffic conditions. A review of the international literature was undertaken, and an international conference was attended in Europe, where first hand knowledge was gained on this application of IVHS (intelligent vehicle highway systems) technology. It was found that adaptive speed limit signs are in use on freeways in several countries, notably the USA, Germany, and Taiwan, on a pilot basis at this stage.

CR 146: Vehicle Travel Speeds and the incidence of Fatal Pedestrian Collisions (Volume 1)

Summary

The aim of this study by the NHMRC Road Accident Research unit was to estimate the likely effect on pedestrian fatalities of a reduction in vehicle travelling speed. Results were based on detailed investigations of 176 fatal pedestrian collisions in the Adelaide area between 1983 and 1991. Estimates were developed for a range of speed reduction scenarios. The study found that a reduction of 5 km/h in vehicle travelling speeds in the Adelaide area could be expected to result in a reduction of 30% of the incidence of fatal pedestrian collisions.

CR 128: Young Driver Research Program: Literature Review on Young Drivers' Performance (1994)

Summary

A theoretical model of the determinants of young driver crash risk is outlined and some methodological issues concerning types of available data, measures of crash risk and measures of exposure to risk are discussed. Within this framework, published literature on young driver crashes in Australia and other countries is reviewed.
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