Transport outputs and programmes
Output 1.4.2: Aviation and Airports
(Aviation and Airports Business Division)
|
Effectiveness |
|
|
Industry operates in a robust and stable regulatory environment |
In 2005-06, the Australian aviation market continued to grow and to serve an increasing number of Australian travellers and international visitors. International safety obligationsThe department worked closely with CASA and Airservices Australia to ensure effective representation and participation in the ICAO forums and a coordinated Australian response to international regulatory issues (page 102). The department led Australia's representations at a special ICAO meeting of directors general of civil aviation, held in March 2006, which reinforced directions for ensuring safety obligations are enforced globally. In addition to this, the department participated in activities to promote and deliver enhanced safety oversight in the Asia-Pacific region through cooperation. These included:
Significant progress was made in the streamlining of processes for regulatory approvals through:
These initiatives offer benefits in reduced administrative burdens for those in Australia's aviation industry who wish to participate in international markets, while maintaining Australia's high aviation safety standards. Assistance to the Makassar Centre, IndonesiaThe Australian Government responded promptly to a request from the Government of Indonesia for assistance in the operations of the advanced air traffic system in the Makassar Air Traffic Management Centre in eastern Indonesia. Through the Australian Agency for International Development, the government provided $207,000 to fund assistance from Airservices Australia, which was provided from January to March 2006. The Makassar Centre manages aircraft in the Makassar Flight Information Region (FIR) that is adjacent to the Brisbane FIR and is used by Australian aircraft flying to various destinations in Asia. The technology installed at the Makassar Centre is similar to the system used by Airservices Australia for air traffic management in Australia. Aviation rescue and firefighting consultationThe department commenced a review of the policy and regulatory framework underpinning the provision of aviation rescue and firefighting (ARFF) services in Australia. Through public consultation, the review will examine the criteria for the establishment of ARFF services, and options for the introduction of contestability in the provision of these services. Significant changes have occurred in aviation since the current regulatory framework was first introduced, including:
Summary of significant achievements in aviation in 2005-06On behalf of the government, the department:
|
|
Businesses and consumers have access to competitive international and domestic air services |
Domestic aviation industry policyBTRE figures report a total of 42.02 million passenger movements on Australian domestic and regional air services for the year ending April 2006, an increase of 5.0 per cent on the year from April 2005. The market has continued to evolve over the past 12 months, with the rapid expansion of capacity seen in 2004-05 moderating to what appears to be more sustainable long-term levels in 2005-06. Australia's major domestic airlines have managed to remain profitable despite the recent challenges of high fuel costs, balancing improvements in yields and fleet utilisation with the demands of continuing growth in the passenger market. In November 2005, Regional Express became the second regional airline to successfully list on the Australian Stock Exchange, following Skywest's listing 12 months earlier. The continued investment in the regional aviation market is important to the many regional communities that rely on air services for their social and economic wellbeing and growth. In recognition of the particular challenges facing regional aviation, the government continued to subsidise en route navigation charges for smaller airlines through the payment scheme for Airservices Australia's en route charges. The scheme supports access to air services in regional Australia by subsidising Airservices Australia's en route air traffic control charges for regular public transport and aeromedical aircraft of less than 15 tonnes maximum take-off weight. Effective from 1 July 2005, the scheme was expanded to include companies based solely in Western Australia operating regular public transport aircraft up to 21 tonnes on sole operator routes in Western Australia. During 2005-06, 35 regional airlines and aeromedical operators were registered for the scheme. The department undertook a review of the scheme in late 2005 for consideration in the 2006 Budget. The government announced in the 2006 Budget an extension of the scheme for 12 months until 30 June 2007 at a cost of $5.4 million. International air servicesHigh fuel costs posed a major challenge to airlines providing international services to and from Australia. Following the double-digit growth in passenger numbers in 2004-05, BTRE figures show that 20.9 million passengers travelled on scheduled airline services to and from Australia in the year to March 2006, a 4.6 per cent increase on the previous 12-month period. Australia is served internationally by 46 passenger airlines and six dedicated freight operators. In 2005-06, the department supported the government in a major review of Australia's international air services policy, the results of which were announced by the minister in February 2006 (see case study 'A comprehensive review of air services policy' in Chapter 1 on page 8). |
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Airspace is managed efficiently within international standards |
New airspace arrangements phased inAn Aviation Policy Group was formed to establish better working relationships across the four agencies involved in airspace policy, regulation and service provision. It provides a high-level forum to oversee coordinated action across the portfolio and with the Department of Defence. The members of the Aviation Policy Group are: the Secretary of DOTARS (Chair), Chief of the Air Force, Chief Executive Officer of CASA and Chief Executive Officer of Airservices Australia. They meet as required, on average every two months. National Airspace System-the airspace reform programmeIn May 2002 the government agreed to adopt an airspace reform policy, called the National Airspace System (NAS). This policy was designed to implement more flexibility and efficiency into Australian airspace operating procedures, while maintaining a high level of safety. The system, which has been successfully operating in the United States for the past 40 years, is being adapted for Australian conditions and implemented in a phased manner. Stage 2c was introduced in November 2005 and introduced new procedures for operations at aerodromes without air traffic control towers. A post-implementation review on NAS Stage 2c, including a survey of radio use at non-towered aerodromes and training and education material, commenced in May 2006. |
Table 3.10 Trends in aviation and airports
|
2002-03 |
2003-04 |
2004-05 |
2005-06 |
2006-07 Est. |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Departmental activities |
|||||
|
Price of output |
n/a |
n/a |
$21.8m |
$27.2m |
$26.3m |
|
Activity regulated under the Air Navigation Act 1920 |
|||||
|
Aircraft noise permits issued |
68 |
25 |
48 |
31 |
No set target |
|
Activity regulated under the Airports Act 1996 |
|||||
|
Airport master plans approved |
1 |
3 |
13 |
2 |
1a |
|
Variations to master plans approved |
2 |
1 |
- |
1 |
No set target |
|
Airport environment strategies approved |
Not reported |
Not reported |
18 |
1 |
No set target |
|
Major development plans approved |
Not reported |
5 |
7 |
5 |
No set target |
|
Decisions made on development proposals infringing on federal airspace |
Not reported |
27 |
18 |
34 |
No set target |
|
Administered programmes |
|||||
|
Payments to airport lessees |
|||||
|
- |
$1.5m |
$1.7m |
$0.9m |
$1.5m |
|
$2.7m |
- |
- |
- |
$0.003m |
|
- |
- |
$3.4m |
- |
- |
|
Payment scheme for Airservices Australia's en route charges |
|||||
|
Operators supported |
44 |
43 |
41 |
35 |
No set target |
|
Cost of programme |
$4.8m |
$4.3m |
$4.7m |
$6.0m |
$5.4m |
|
Other programmes administered |
|||||
|
Cost of other programmes including contribution to ICAO and airport noise programmesb |
$35.4m |
$42.1m |
$18.6m |
$16.8m |
$9.3m |
|
Total cost of administered programmes |
$50.8m |
$56.2m |
$35.6m |
$23.7m |
$16.2m |
a Gold Coast Airport is due to submit a master plan in 2006-07. Master plans are not required for Mt Isa and Tennant Creek airports.
b To minimise repetition, information on the contribution to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has been included under 'Administered Programmes-Contributions' and in Table 3.9 (see pages 102 and 103).
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Effectiveness |
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Australian Government investments in transport infrastructure are managed responsibly |
Leased federal airports managed responsiblyThe department is responsible for administering the Australian Government's interests in the ongoing operation and management of the privatised airports under the Airports Act 1996 (the Airports Act) and associated regulations. Between 1997 and 2003, 22 airports owned by the Australian Government were privatised. The sales, which involved leasehold rather than freehold title, were conducted in five stages and raised $8.5 billion. Rights to operate these airports were leased out for an initial period of 50 years with an option to renew for another 49 years. The exception is Hoxton Park Airport in Sydney. The lease for Hoxton Park Airport expires in 2008 with an option to extend to 2010, after which it converts to freehold title. Under the Airports Act, a master plan and an airport environment strategy (AES) must be prepared for every airport, except for Mt Isa and Tennant Creek airports. The master plan represents the airport lessee company's planning and development vision for the airport over a 20-year period. Both must be submitted to the minister for approval and be reviewed every five years. A major development plan is required for each major development at an airport. Major airport developments include runways, buildings that cost greater than $10 million and developments likely to have significant environmental or ecological impact. In 2005-06 the department provided assessments to the minister on:
Table 3.10 provides trend information on the numbers of master plans and airport environment strategies approved. In November 2005, the minister announced the outcomes of a review of the Airports Act which reported that, although the Act is working effectively, a number of processes could be improved. Suggested improvements include refining the planning and development approval regime at leased federal airports, clarifying noise management arrangements and the role that environment management systems play in the implementation of AESs at these airports, and implementing other changes to further enhance the operation of regulatory arrangements for the federal leased airports. The proposed changes to the Airports Act are likely to be introduced into parliament during 2006-07. A further amendment to the Airports Act is proposed to give effect to a decision made by the Australian Government in 2006 to remove Canberra Airport from the operation of the National Capital Plan. This would place the airport on an equal footing with the other 21 leased federal airports across Australia, removing regulatory duplication. Airport environmental officers (AEOs) and airport building controllers at the leased airports helped the department to monitor and ensure compliance with environmental and building standards (see page 111). In 2005-06 the department:
Review of price regulation of airport servicesThe government announced on 30 March 2006 that it would examine the effectiveness of the current light-handed regime for monitoring airport pricing that applies to seven major capital city airports (Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Darwin, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney). The department has assisted with the development of terms of reference for this major inquiry, which is being undertaken by the Productivity Commission. Information on the Inquiry can be found at the commission's website at www.pc.gov.au. Airport lease reviewsThe department's oversight of leased federal airports includes the assessment of their level of compliance with the lease terms. This includes undertaking a rolling programme of annual lease reviews of all 22 leased airports. While the department endeavours to meet all scheduled dates for lease review meetings, the timing of these can be changed because of unforeseen circumstances or mutual agreement between the department and the airport. Table I.1, detailing the airport lease review meetings in 2005 and 2006, appears in Appendix I. Airport insurance reviewsAirport lessees have obligations to the Australian Government through the airport lease and sale agreements in relation to the maintenance of a range of insurances. The department, with the assistance of a contracted insurance adviser, conducts annual reviews to monitor compliance by the airports. Table I.2, summarising the progress with reviews, appears in Appendix I. Environmental management and building control at airportsUnder the airport leases, the management of the environment on the airport site is the responsibility of the airport lessees. Through the Airports Act 1996 and Airports (Environment Protection) Regulations 1997 (the Environment Regulations) the department regulates activity on the airports that has an environmental impact.
Authorisations issued under the Airports (Environment Protection) Regulations 1997 during 2005-06An authorisation is a process provided within the Environment Regulations that authorises the applicant to undertake an act on an airport that will result in environmental emissions that exceed the levels mentioned in the schedules attached to the Environment Regulations. An authorisation may be provided only where the emissions are no more damaging to the environment than if the levels in the schedules had been met. Authorisations are intended to provide for transitional compliance with the Environment Regulations whilst the applicant investigates and pursues methods of achieving compliance with the schedules. Table I.3, detailing the authorisations issued during 2005-06, is located in Appendix I. Investment in required aeronautical infrastructure tops $568 millionLessees for 10 airports-Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, Alice Springs, Darwin, Canberra, Gold Coast, Hobart and Launceston-committed to invest approximately $700 million in aeronautical infrastructure over the first 10 years of the leases. This obligation is split into two five-year periods (Period One and Period Two). There were no specific development obligations under the sale agreements for Archerfield, Bankstown, Camden, Hoxton Park, Jandakot, Essendon, Moorabbin, Mount Isa, Parafield, Tennant Creek, Townsville and Sydney airports. More than $568 million had been invested in aeronautical infrastructure by the 10 airports by 30 June 2005. Expenditure data for 2005-06 will not be available until late September 2006. All 10 lessees have exceeded their Period One obligations. Six lessees-Melbourne, Adelaide, Darwin, Hobart, Launceston and Perth-have exceeded their 10-year obligations and are no longer required to submit plans or reports to the department. Extensions to Period One have been granted to Alice Springs Airport (four years) and Gold Coast (one year) as terrorism, disease and the Iraq war, among other things, resulted in downturns in passenger traffic and aircraft movements. To date no extensions to Period Two have been granted. The remaining four airports (see Table 3.11) are expected to meet their Period Two obligations, given the significant aeronautical investment taking place at each of them. |
Table 3.11 Airport development expenditure at major airports
|
Airport |
Sale phase |
Expenditure to 30 June 2004 $m |
Expenditure to 30 June 2005 $m |
Period One obligation $m |
Period Two obligation $m |
Total $m |
Commitment met? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Adelaide |
2 |
72.3 |
72.3 |
41.4 |
22.6 |
64.0 |
Yes |
|
Alice Springs |
2 |
0.5 |
1.8 |
1.2 |
1.9 |
3.1 |
No |
|
Brisbane |
1 |
82.1 |
179.0 |
44.4 |
292.9 |
337.3 |
No |
|
Canberra |
2 |
32.2 |
39.6 |
11.0 |
46.9 |
57.9 |
No |
|
Gold Coast |
2 |
19.2 |
23.4 |
19.2 |
8.5 |
27.7 |
No |
|
Darwin |
2 |
4.2 |
21.6 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
6.0 |
Yes |
|
Hobart |
2 |
1.8 |
7.8 |
3.8 |
1.7 |
5.5 |
Yes |
|
Launceston |
2 |
3.0a |
3.5 |
2.2 |
0.9 |
3.1 |
Yes |
|
Melbourne |
1 |
107.8 |
107.8 |
78.3 |
29.0 |
107.3 |
Yes |
|
Perth |
1 |
64.8 |
111.3 |
54.6 |
33.3 |
87.9 |
Yes |
|
TOTAL |
387.9 |
568.1 |
259.4 |
439.6 |
699.8 |
a The final Period One expenditure figure for Launceston Airport was $3.0 million, not $2.7 million as reported in the department's 2004-05 annual report.
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Effectiveness |
|
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Australian Government investments in transport infrastructure are managed responsibly (continued) |
In 2005-06 the department continued to monitor this obligation at these airports. While all airports submitted expenditure plans and audited reports to the department as required, timeliness continued to be an issue. Where expenditure plans have not been submitted on time, this is primarily due to airports seeking to confirm actual expenditure in the previous year before submitting plans for the following year. Table I.4, detailing the timeliness of airport expenditure plans and audit reports, appears in Appendix I. Major airports continue to commit to further significant levels of aeronautical investment. Examples follow:
There has been a significant increase in the number of major development plans approved, from four in 2005 to seven in 2006 so far (with more under assessment). Table I.5, listing the approved major development plans by calendar year, appears in Appendix I. |
|
Community exposure to aircraft noise is minimised with attention to the needs of specific communities |
Aircraft noise measures maintainedIn order to minimise aircraft noise exposure, all civil aircraft in Australia are required to comply with aircraft noise regulations under the Air Navigation (Aircraft Noise) Regulations 1984. In order to manage night-time aircraft noise, curfews apply from 11 pm to 6 am at four major airports-Sydney, Adelaide, Gold Coast and Essendon. The Sydney and Adelaide curfews have been put in place by Acts of Parliament, while the Coolangatta and Essendon curfews have been put in place by regulations. Under the curfews strict controls apply to the types and numbers of aircraft that can be operated and the runways used. The department continued to manage the curfew system in 2005-06 and,
The department is continuing to update the TNIP (transparent noise information package) aircraft noise transparency software in response to requests from users. This communication tool is designed to enable non-specialists to gain an understanding of aircraft noise exposure patterns in the vicinity of airports and to help airports and communities work together to explore options for managing aircraft noise. The department is actively involved in the work of the ICAO Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection. This committee recommends standards and practices for minimising the environmental impacts of aviation. The work of this committee includes developing the noise emission standards for aircraft, which are specified in chapters contained in Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention. |
|
Price |
|
|
$24.7m |
The actual price of this output in 2005-06 was $27.2 million. |
|
Overall performance |
|
|
Administered programme-Airport Lessee Companies-reimbursement of parking fines |
|
|---|---|
|
Effectiveness |
|
|
Revenue is passed onto airport lessees in line with a formula set by the Minister for Finance and Administration |
This programme reimbursed seven airport lessees a proportion of parking fines collected for parking offences in airport precincts. Reimbursements are made in accordance with contracts between airport lessees and the department. Launceston Airport is included in the regime, but did not receive reimbursements as no separate contract was in place for 2005-06. Quarterly payments to airport lessees are based on a formula set by the Minister for Finance and Administration, namely 80 per cent of the revenue from parking fines for the quarter collected by the airport lessees and forwarded to the department, less administrative costs. |
|
Location |
|
|
Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Coolangatta (Gold Coast), Townsville, Hobart and Launceston airports |
Only 8 of the 22 federal airport lessees are covered by the government's parking infringement regime, with the remaining airports making alternative arrangements. |
|
Cost |
|
|
$2.6m |
The actual cost of this programme in 2005-06 was $0.9 million, down from $1.7 million in 2004-05. Up to $1.5 million is available for this programme in 2006-07. |
|
Overall performance |
|
|
Administered programmes-Compensation for acquisition and sale of airport lands |
|
|
Quality/Location |
|
|
Airport lessees receive appropriate compensation |
From time to time the Australian Government adds or removes airport land with the consent of the airport lessee to facilitate on- and off-airport development. The department administers compensation to airport lessees after an appropriate price is agreed with parties including the Department of Finance and Administration. The department executed an agreement to transfer land at an agreed value of $0.003 million to enable road widening and other traffic improvements off the Hobart Airport site, and worked on amendments to Airport Regulations 1997 to reflect the change in the leased area. Settlement of this matter is expected to occur in the first half of 2006-07. Negotiations for a land disposal at Gold Coast Airport to facilitate the construction of the Tugun Bypass have concluded in an agreement to transfer some land at an agreed value of $8.5 million. The land transfer is expected to occur in the second half of 2008 following completion of the road. Negotiations are continuing over:
|
|
Cost |
|
|
$0.003m (up from $0.0m at Budget) |
The actual cost of this programme in 2005-06 was nil. It is anticipated that the sale at Hobart Airport will be finalised in 2006-07. |
|
Overall performance |
|
|
Administered programme-Implementation of noise amelioration-Sydney and Adelaide Airports |
|
|
Effectiveness |
|
|
Community exposure to aircraft noise is ameliorated in eligible buildings |
Airport noise amelioration programmes were introduced to Sydney and Adelaide in 1994 and 2000, respectively. Under both programmes, the Australian Government pays for noise insulation to be installed in eligible homes and public buildings such as schools, colleges, preschools, childcare centres, health and aged-care facilities and churches. Eligibility decisions for insulation are based solely on assessments of aircraft noise exposure under the Australian Noise Exposure Forecast (ANEF) system as updated by the annual Australian Noise Exposure Index (ANEI) maps. This system takes into account the numbers and types of aircraft, their flight paths and noise characteristics, and the time of day of their operation. To be eligible, public buildings must fall within the 25 noise exposure contour under the ANEF system, and residences within the 30 noise exposure contour. Where the contour intersects a residential property within a street block, insulation eligibility is extended out from the contour line to include all other houses in that street block up to a break in continuity of residential properties-normally a street, drain or open area. This is done to prevent a situation where neighbouring houses might be treated differently. |
|
Work is carried out by qualified professionals and is rated as good or better by 80% of building owners |
Residents have been asked through the programme to rate the quality of our work through post-insulation surveys. As no residences were insulated during 2005-06, no information was collected on ratings. Table 3.12 shows trend information for previous years. |
|
Quantity |
|
|
Approximately 4,755 eligible homes and 96 eligible public buildings are insulated from aircraft noise |
Both the Sydney and Adelaide programmes are nearing completion. By 30 June 2006, all eligible buildings had been identified. All eligible residences whose owners had accepted the offer of insulation have now been insulated. Over 100 public buildings have been insulated, with work underway on a remaining 4. Trend information on aircraft noise amelioration is provided in table 3.12. |
|
Location |
|
|
Adelaide, Sydney |
For information on the properties that have been insulated, visit www.dotars.gov.au/transport/programs/. For information on noise and flight path monitoring at major airports, www.airservices.gov.au/reports. |
|
Cost |
|
|
Adelaide: $7.0m Sydney: $5.4m (up from $4.3m at Budget) |
The actual cost of this programme in 2005-06 was $4.6 million. This was lower than planned due to the nature of the programme and difficulties in accurately forecasting the timing of building projects. Some $2.7 million has been carried forward to 2006-07 and 2007-08. |
|
Overall performance |
|
Table 3.12 Trends in aircraft noise amelioration
|
2000-01 |
2001-02 |
2002-03 |
2003-04 |
2004-05 |
2005-06 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Adelaide Airport |
||||||
|
Programme outcomes |
||||||
|
Private homes insulated |
13 |
220 |
208 |
240 |
4 |
- |
|
Public buildings insulated |
- |
- |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
|
Work rated very good or better by clients |
Not reported |
90% |
88% |
83% |
100% |
n/a |
|
Cost of works to government |
$1.9m |
$11.1m |
$13.2m |
$13.9m |
$7.6m |
$1.3m |
|
Sydney Airport |
||||||
|
Programme outcomes |
||||||
|
Private homes insulated |
474 |
268 |
113 |
12 |
12 |
- |
|
Public buildings insulated |
3 |
7 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
|
Work rated very good or better by clients |
not reported |
82% |
>80% |
82% |
100% |
n/a |
|
Cost of works to government |
$37.2m |
$24.9m |
$7.7m |
$3.9m |
$6.2m |
$3.3m |




